Increased myocardial collagen turnover in patients with progressive cardiac conduction disease

Background: Histopathologically, progressive cardiac conduction disease (PCCD) is characterized by progressive fibrosis and sclerodegenerative changes in the proximal and distal conduction system of the heart. Therefore, we sought to determine the serum levels of myocardial collagen turnover markers, extracellular matrix components, transforming growth factor β₁ (TGFβ₁), and bone morphogenic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) in this population. Methods: Study population included 20 patients (6 M/14 F, mean age 76 ± 8 years) with acquired, permanent 2:1, or complete atrioventricular block and compared with age‐ and sex‐matched, asymptomatic, healthy control subjects (n = 18, 6 M/12 F, mean age 75 ± 7 years). Serum myocardial collagen turnover markers:matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐1, 2, 9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP‐1), amino‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP) and type III (PIIINP), carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP), and carboxy‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP), serum extracellular matrix components (laminin and fibronectin), TGFβ₁, and BMP‐7 levels were measured in both groups. Results: Serum PICP (849 ± 396 vs 631 ± 294 ng/mL, P = 0.04), PIIINP (3.7 ± 1.3 vs 3 ± 1 μg/L, P = 0.03), CITP (0.68 ± 0.35 vs 0.48 ± 0.25 ng/mL, P = 0.037), and plasma MMP‐9 (58.8 ± 56 vs 25.9 ± 17.3 ng/mL, P = 0.006) levels were higher in patient population compared to control subjects. Serum MMP‐1 (24.1 ± 20.5 vs 13.6 ± 7.5 ng/mL, P = 0.045) and MMP‐2 (1310 ± 139 vs 1186 ± 163 ng/mL, P = 0.01) levels were higher in control subjects compared to patient population. There was no difference in serum TIMP‐1, PINP, laminin, fibronectin, TGFβ₁, and BMP‐7 levels between two groups. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the presence of increased myocardial collagen turnover and active fibrotic process in patients with PCCD compared to control subjects.     

改良颈丛阻滞麻醉用于锁骨骨折手术53例效果观察

目的探讨改良颈丛阻滞麻醉用于锁骨骨折手术的临床效果观察。方法选择我院近年来锁骨骨折手术的患者53倒,均采用改良颈丛阻滞麻醉。结果53例手术中49例麻醉效果优;4例麻醉效果良,且镇痛时间长,术中术后生命体征平稳。结论利用改良颈丛阻滞麻醉进行锁骨骨折手术是一种简单、安全,有效的麻醉方法,值得在临床上进行推广应用。     

利多卡因复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞用于学龄期青春期男性患儿阴茎手术

目的观察不同浓度和容量的利多卡因复合罗哌卡因对学龄期及青春期男性患儿阴茎手术的骶管阻滞效果。方法40例择期手术患儿,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄≥7岁,体重≥30kg,随机均分为两组。A组用1％利多卡因5m1＋0．25％罗派卡因15ml骶管阻滞;B组用1．5％利多卡因10ml＋0．25％罗派卡因10ml骶管阻滞。观察并记录麻醉起效时间、麻醉达到最高平面、镇痛效果、镇痛维持时间以及术毕下肢的运动阻滞程度等指标。结果B组镇痛效果优于A组,起效快,但作用持续时间较短,并且较易出现下肢1级运动阻滞（P〈0．05）;两组达到的麻醉平面上界没有统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论1．5％利多卡因和罗派卡因用于学龄期及青春期男性患儿阴茎手术骶管麻醉,起效时间短,安全有效,但术后镇痛持续时间较短,并可能存在短暂、轻微的下肢运动阻滞。     

Designs for dose–escalation trials with quantitative responses

In a dose–escalation trial for a new drug, each successive dose is tested on a new cohort of volunteer subjects, so that if any dose produces severe adverse reactions then higher doses are not tested. However, if there are other differences between the cohorts, such as differences in environmental health factors, type of person or experimental procedure, then these differences may obscure the differences between doses. Therefore, cohorts should be fitted in the analysis, as either fixed or random effects. I suggest that, if this is done, then there are three simple principles that reduce variance (i) allocating no more than half the subjects in any cohort to any single dose; (ii) subject to safety constraints, using as many different doses as possible in each cohort; (iii) using one more cohort than the number of doses, without increasing the total number of subjects. Using these principles, I propose some new designs that conform to the safety rules of traditional dose–escalation trials while reducing the variance of the estimators of differences between the doses by a factor of two or more, for the same number of subjects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

连续前路腰丛神经阻滞在膝关节置换术后镇痛中的应用

目的观察连续前路腰丛神经阻滞用于全膝关节置换（TKA）术后镇痛和康复锻炼的效果。方法选择择期在全身麻醉下行TKA术的患者40例,随机分为2组：连续前路腰丛神经阻滞组（Ⅰ组）和静脉持续芬太尼组（Ⅱ组）,每组20例。Ⅰ组患者通过连续前路腰丛神经阻滞导管持续输注0．2％罗哌卡因镇痛,Ⅱ组患者术后持续静脉输注芬太尼镇痛,均持续镇痛50h。记录静息及功能锻炼时视觉摸拟评分（VAS）、肌力分级、镇静程度及副作用发生。结果Ⅰ组患者术后8、12、24、48h静息时和功能锻炼时VAS评分均明显低于Ⅱ组,（P〈0．05或P％0．01）。两组患者肌力均良好,无统计学差异。Ⅱ组患者镇静过度、恶心及镇痛不全发生率均较高。结论连续前路腰丛神经阻滞用于全膝关节嚣换术后镇痛效果良好,对肌力影响小,副作用发生率低。     

Dynamax和Twin block矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错牙合疗效比较

目的 评价Dynamax和 Twin block 两种功能矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类 1 分类下颌后缩患者前后软硬组织的改变.方法 选择 Hagg 手腕骨片为 FG-G 期的安氏Ⅱ类1分类下颌后缩患者30例,随机分为两组分别接受Dynamax和Twin block治疗,应用X线头影测量技术进行治疗前后的22项软硬组织分析.结果 GoGnSN(°)、Cm-Sn-Ls(°) 、S-Ns- Si (°)的变化的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),余无统计学意义.结论 Dynamax或Twin block功能矫治器早期治疗安氏Ⅱ类1分类下颌后缩患者,其软硬组织疗效基本一致.但同twin-block组比较,Dynamax组下颌平面角增大,且Dynamax更适合于同时进行固定矫治治疗.     

一针法颈丛阻滞用于甲状腺手术160例临床观察

目的观察一针法颈丛阻滞在甲状腺手术中的临床效果。方法先做好麻醉术前的各项准备,入室后垫肩摆好体住让头尽量后仰,充分暴露阻滞所需解剖位置,包块大的一例先阻滞颈深丛4ml,浅丛6ml,观察5-10min后行另一侧阻滞;另一侧只阻滞颈浅丛,给局麻药6ml。手术时,视睛况给予镇静、降压药。结果有146倒血压升高,有12例出现喉返神经阻滞后的声嘶,5例出现气憋,3例出现霍奈氏综合征,无局麻药毒性反应及全脊麻发生。结论一针法颈丛阻滞与以往的三针法颈丛阻滞相比,对患者损伤小,阻滞效果亦能满足手术需要,并发症少,且定位方法简单易懂。     

0．596％甲磺酸罗哌卡因骶管阻滞在肛肠手术中的效果

目的 探讨与0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因比较等摩尔甲磺酸罗哌卡因骶管阻滞用于肛肠手术的麻醉效果和安全性.方法 60例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期肛肠手术患者随机分为两组:A组(甲磺酸罗哌卡因组)、B组(盐酸罗哌卡因组).入室开放静脉通路,连续监测BP、P、SpO2、ECG、RR.俯卧位行改良骶管阻滞,两组患者均以1%盐酸利多卡因5mL作为试验剂量,3min后无不良反应则分别给予0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因、0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因各20mL.记录麻醉效果(感觉神经阻滞起效时间、最高平面、持续时间及运动神经阻滞程度)、术中生命体征的变化情况、不良反应、麻醉满意度.术后进行随访.结果 甲磺酸罗哌卡因比盐酸罗哌卡因感觉阻滞起效时间短[(7.9±3.3)min VS(11.2±3.5min)],前者吸收快,易出现轻度局麻药毒性反应.两者感觉阻滞持续时间[6.4±1.3)hVS(6.5±1.1)h]、运动阻滞程度无明显差异,生命体征变化、麻醉满意度无明显差异.结论 0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因骶管阻滞下实施肛肠手术起效快,感觉阻滞完善.     

神经阻滞麻醉用于颅脑手术后的镇痛效果

目的 探讨罗哌卡因神经阻滞麻醉对颅脑手术患者术后的镇痛效果.方法 30例幕上占位性病变拟行开颅肿瘤切除术患者,随机分为罗哌卡因神经阻滞组(A组)和芬太尼静脉自控镇痛组(B组)各15例.A组于切皮前选择耳颞神经、眶上神经、滑车上神经和枕大神经、枕小神经以0.75%罗哌卡因行神经阻滞;B组术后行芬太尼自控静脉镇痛(PCIA).采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)比较术后48h内两组患者的疼痛程度及因镇痛所致不良反应的发生情况.结果 两组患者术后疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而不良反应发生率A组明显低于B组(P<0.01).结论 高浓度罗哌卡因神经阻滞操作简单,术后镇痛效果良好,无明显不良反应发生,能够安全有效地应用于颅脑手术术后镇痛.     

星状神经节阻滞术联合中医药治疗围绝经期综合征的临床观察

目的 了解星状神经节阻滞术联合中药治疗围绝经期综合征的临床疗效.方法 80例围绝经期综合征患者随机分为2组,每组40例.试验组以联合应用星状神经节阻滞术及中药治疗,对照组单纯应用星状神经节阻滞术治疗,疗程4周.于治疗前后分别进行Kupperman评分及访谈评估疗效,比较2组间差异并进行分析.结果 2种方法在治疗围绝经期综合征上皆有较好疗效,但试验组在改善Kupperman评分上优于对照组,P相似文献